ObjectBox Swift 1.0 is here! Since the first public alpha released 10 months ago, we’ve worked hard and made major changes to put Swift first, tune the performance, and iterate on the API. We hope you will love the result.
All of this, to bring you the features you expect from a database, but more importantly – the features that we think delight developers and sets ObjectBox apart from other databases out there. Let’s swiftly (cheap pun intended) dive into ObjectBox Swift 1.0:
Built with Swift in Mind
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// objectbox: entity
classOlympian{
varid:Id=0
...
}
let store=tryStore(directoryPath:dbURL.path)
let box=store.box(for:Olympian.self)
let olympians:[Olympian]=trybox.all()
let goldMedalist:Olympian=trybox.get(sarahHoefflinId)
ObjectBox isn’t just a database bolted onto Swift. Your database entities are regular Swift classes or structs that you devise. No need to subclass a particular class (as with CoreData’s NSManagedObject), nor to write tedious serialization code. 😊
All you need to do is add one property for the unique ID, build your project, and ObjectBox’s code generator will write a little bit of code for you, just like the Swift compiler does for Codable objects. All that’s left then, is to call a simple method like put() on the object to write it out:
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trybox.put(ruthJebet)
We’ve tried to keep this simplicity throughout the Swift binding, e.g. making it very easy to use any RawRepresentable enum without writing any conversion code.
Automatic Schema Migrations
A common chore with databases is schema migration. ObjectBox takes care of that. If you add a new property or class there are no additional migration steps required. Old objects will keep working, and new objects will be saved with the additional fields. Similarly, adding new classes will add them to the database without any error-prone migration steps.
Moreover, you do not need to maintain a dedicated schema, because your classes and structs are the schema in the first place.
Relations
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classAuthor:Entity{
varid:Id=0
varname:String
varbooks:ToMany<Book>=nil
...
}
amandaPalmer.books.append(theArtOfAsking)
tryamandaPalmer.books.applyToDb()
To ensure ObjectBox knows how to save object references, you use a wrapper class. Either ToOne or ToMany, instead of a straight reference or an array. This lets ObjectBox lazily load the related objects from the database, only when you’re actually accessing a related object.
The Swift 1.0 release brings you our complete set of relations: One-to-many, many-to-many, and their corresponding back-links. ToMany behaves just like any other Swift collection, you can add or remove objects as you please with your familiar methods like append().
Queries
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let query=trybox.query{Author.fname=="Jeaniene"}.build()
let results=tryquery.find()// All Authors matching query.
// All last names of the matching authors:
let names=tryquery.property(Author.lname)
.distinct().findStrings()
Of course ObjectBox lets you perform queries to collect data; either complete objects or individual properties (basic Swift data types).
But with ObjectBox you don’t mess around with query strings or unpack data from cursors. You simply write Swift expressions with function calls and operators you’re already used to.
Also, you get to keep the type-safety guarantees and compile-time checking. So you don’t have to spend hours figuring out why your query doesn’t return the proper results, just to discover you made a typo in a field name in a query string.
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subscription=query.subscribe(){authors,error in
iflet error=error{self.reportError(error);return}
self.authors=authors
self.tableView.reloadData()
}
ObjectBox lets you then operate on these objects, watch a query for changes, retrieve the results, delete the objects matching a query etc. The source code even contains a file that adds Combine support so you can integrate with its pipelines to take advantage of Apple’s newest technology.
Open Source Swift Binding
If you’re curious how things work behind the scenes, feel free to check out the Swift source code. The source code for the Swift binding, as well as our code generator based on Sourcery, are available among other projects through our Github account.
How-to Get Started
It’s a matter of minutes to get started with ObjectBox. Check our setup instructions (based on CocoaPods) and jump right into code with the getting started guide.
Your Feedback. And what’s Next?
As always, we would love to hear your feedback! Do you like ObjectBox as much as we do? We put our hearts in this product and are excited to learn your thoughts: What features are you most excited about, what are we missing?
We haven’t written much about a topic very dear to us: performance. We will cover this in a follow up post. Also, look forward to our ObjectBox Swift 1.0 benchmarks, which we will release soon including the sources.
Vivien: Hi Arne, great to talk with you today. Let’s get started by learning more about you and billiger.de.
Arne: Hi Vivien. I’ve been doing software development for more than 10 years, and API design for the last 5 years. I am currently responsible for mobile development for billiger.de, the most widely used and award-winning price comparison portal in Germany. We’re especially proud of our data security, which was just recently awarded too.
The company behind billiger.de is solute GmbH, which is based in Karlsruhe. They also have a few other brands: shopping.de, an online shopping platform for men and women, and friends communication, an online marketing agency. At billiger.de we’re about 150 employees.
Some of our stats:
300,000+
active daily users on billiger.de
500,000+
app downloads
70 Million
prices in the database
22,500 Shops
comparing 1M products
So clearly, the database and its performance on the server side is very important. Companies update their prices all the time, and on top there are all kinds of vouchers that can be applied. All of these are changing frequently – and you never know who updates their prices when. So, you can see the challenges – from a technical standpoint but also for consumers. It is hard to get the best price.
V: Tell me more about the billiger.de app – why did you decide to go for a native app?
A: Well, to be honest there was an existing native app when I came into the company. But aside from that, it’s essential for UX. We also need some offline capability for features like the notepad function or when users are in the store without an Internet connection and scan barcodes. Once they are online again, the query goes to the cloud – and the user gets his result.
V: So are most of your users on the app? Or rather web?
A: We definitely still have more web users, but user numbers are shifting to mobile more and more. Also, our web users are often one time users only. Our loyalty rate is much higher with app users, so we are trying to increase app installs. We’re seeing that – even on the web – the majority of users are coming from mobile devices. Therefore, we relaunched the website a couple of years ago to be responsive and mobile optimized. So we are focusing more and more on mobile, on both the website and through the app.
V: Why did you need to implement a local database? How is it implemented in your solution?
A: We need data persistence mainly for certain features. We’re still using SQLite, but it’s too much boilerplate code and too little fun. We have been using an ORM on top of SQLite until recently, but it didn’t work well in combination with Proguard on some Android versions anymore. So it resulted in lost data. We’re currently using ObjectBox in the billiger.de Pro version and in a fun new project called PricePretzel, which gives users the best price actively and tracks savings. In these projects, ObjectBox has proven its worth, so we want to migrate the billiger.de app too.
V: Yes, SQLite with an ORM can get very messy. So, why did you choose ObjectBox as the alternative?
A: I looked at several SQLite alternatives and ObjectBox looked interesting. The main decision factors were: ease of integration, stability, and performance. But ease of use and integration were really the most important factors. Stability and enough performance were rather basic necessities. We found ObjectBox really easy to use – we did the migration and everything and because ObjectBox handles that automatically, it was really simple.
We found ObjectBox really easy to use – we did the migration and everything and because ObjectBox handles that automatically, it was really simple.
V: So did performance matter to you at all?
A: For our needs, performance was secondary. Obviously the performance needs to be good enough, but we do not have super high requirements regarding performance.
A: Synchronization obviously is a super interesting feature and we are keeping an eye on it once it is publicly released. From the setup we have, we would need to do it with a connector to our existing database. Currently the web data and app data are separated and we are working on integrating them. So, this needs synchronization.
V: Which other tools do you use in your solution/are you excited about?
A: Retrofit from Square, a networking library, we recommend it to everyone and it works super well with ObjectBox. Both libraries work well together with our business objects. Retrofit fetches the fresh data from our servers and deserializes it into our business objects, which are then persisted with ObjectBox without any additional boilerplate code.
V: billiger.de has over 500.000 downloads and about 4 stars on average – how many daily users does the billiger.de app have? Do you have peak times?
A: Obviously holidays like Christmas and Easter are busier. During the day, early evenings get the most traffic – about 1000-2000 daily active users in the billiger.de app, 200 in our Pro-app, and iOS is similar. As I shared before, we get about 300k daily users on the website.
V: Thanks for sharing, and for talking with me today. Any last words?
A: Thank you for having me! I am looking forward to do more with ObjectBox and am very excited about what comes next!
Today’s 0.9 release is not just a step closer to 1.0, but also an important milestone for us: for the first time, all Swift binding source code is available on GitHub. We’ve also improved performance (again) and added useful features like type converters.
ObjectBox’ lightning-fast database offers a cross-platform C API for language-specific bindings. These bindings provide a thin and nimble wrapper around the C calls and expose ObjectBox functionality in the way that feels most natural to the host language (i.e. Swift).
An open-source binding allows you to make changes to ObjectBox and build it on your own, backport it to older OS or Swift versions, and contribute your changes back to us if you feel so inclined.
Is this the binding I’ve been using all this time?
Although it’s one of our newer language bindings, our Swift binding already has a storied and colorful history. The first Swift binding actually predates our C library and was built directly against the core C++ codebase. As such, it used Objective-C to bridge Swift and C++.
Once we had the C library, we set about eliminating the intermediary and started rewriting the central Objective-C portions as pure Swift on top of the C API. The immediate result when we released ObjectBox for Swift 0.8, was a significant speed-up in write operations due to Swift’s new native UTF-8 strings, and struct support.
But for the open source release, we completed this rewrite, and ObjectBox Swift got even faster:
Not having to bridge to Objective-C meant we could take advantage of Swift’s associated types to resolve class/entity associations instead of a runtime look-up, and eliminate a few duplicated classes necessitated by adding Swift features to Objective-C classes. This in turn allowed removing some unnecessary data copying, which translated directly to increased speed.
While we enjoy a good performance increase as much as the next database developer, we also added new features and fixes, like more query comparison operators for scalar types, and improved behavior when adding properties to an entity.
Property Converters
One major new feature of this release is support for converting simple user-defined types into types the database understands. For example, you can mark any RawRepresentable enum with an annotation to tell ObjectBox how to serialize it. Let’s say we have an enum like
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enumOlympicRanking:Int{
caseunset=0
casefirst=100
casesecond=200
casethird=300
}
In your class, you simply add the following annotation:
But of course we also let you work with your own types, or system types. Let’s say you wanted to save a window’s dimensions into your database. You do this using a converter class that implements convert() methods that convert your custom type into one of ObjectBox’s built-in types, and back:
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classRectConverter{
staticfunc convert(_box:CGRect)-＞String{
returnNSCoder.string(for:box)
}
staticfunc convert(_boxString:String?)-＞CGRect{
guard let boxString=boxStringelse{return.zero}
returnNSCoder.cgRect(for:boxString)
}
}
And then you tell ObjectBox to use that converter using an annotation:
And that’s just a selection of the changes you’ll find in the new open-source release. It contains the entire binding, but also the fork of Sourcery that does its duties as our code generator, and a performance test app. It is faster, more feature-full, and we’ve also squashed some bugs in the binding.
To take a look and get started, simply go to our ObjectBox Swift Git repository, where, in addition to our example application, you can now also find the binding’s source code. Or pull version 0.9 via CocoaPods.
We can’t wait for you to try it out and let us know what you think.
Sideloading can cause crashes when used with Android App Bundle. Google is pushing Android developers to publish their apps to Google Play using the new Android App Bundle format. While it comes with benefits, it can also cause your app to crash, if users sideload your app. We’ll explore why this happens and how to fix it.
Android App Bundle (AAB) enables smaller app downloads and updates, increasing the chances that more people will install your app. Developers benefit as well by only having to build a single artifact instead of multiple APKs tailored to various types of devices.
App Bundle and Sideloading
The Play Store will take care of installing the right set of split APKs from the App Bundle for each user’s device configuration. But what happens, if users bypass Google Play and sideload the app? Sideloading has been popular (APKMirror anyone?) to get early access to new versions of an app or to not waste expensive data volume on app downloads (relevant e.g. in various parts of Africa and India).
To explain how sideloading can break your app, let’s first have a look at what Google Play would actually install onto a device when you publish an App Bundle. For this we use bundletool, which Android Studio and Google Play also use, to convert an App Bundle to a set of APKs for a specific device. We’ll build an App Bundle for our ObjectBox Kotlin example app and start an emulator running Android Pie (you can connect a real device as well). Then we can run the command:
If we extract the created connected.apks file (e.g. using unzip or 7-Zip) we find three split APKs. A master APK containing the app’s manifest and all of its code. An x86 APK containing the ObjectBox native library. And a xxhdpi APK with some resources specific for the screen density of the emulator device. Depending on your app (if it uses dynamic feature modules or includes translations) and connected device there might be more or less split APKs. But let’s stick with these three.
Out of the three only the master APK can be installed on its own. The others will fail to install. You can try this yourself by dropping the APKs onto an emulator.
Crashing with LinkageError
Now how does this affect sideloading? You can probably already see the issue: due to lack of awareness that you are using the cool new App Bundle format, users only share the master APK. And as mentioned it installs just fine. However, at runtime your app might access a native library like ObjectBox or some density-specific resources. As these are not part of the master APK your app will crash. Bummer.
If you do not have an Application class or are using content providers check the full documentation. To see this as part of a working app look at the ObjectBox Kotlin example.
Et voilà, instead of your app crashing users will see a dialog asking them to reinstall the app from the Google Play Store (or “an official store” if the library can’t detect it).
How it works
So how does Play Core know if parts of your app are missing? The library is obfuscated – as most Play libraries are. However, decompiling (just open the class files in Android Studio) allows some basic analysis.
At first, it verifies that the device is API level 21 or higher. Older versions of Android do not support split APKs, so no need to check on these devices.
Then it makes sure that the currently installed version of your app actually requires APK splits. After all, you might still distribute your app as a full blown APK to some devices. This check just looks for a special meta-data manifest tag. This tag is added by bundletool (read Play Store) when converting an App Bundle to a set of split APKs (drop the master APK onto Android Studio and check AndroidManifest.xml).
Now that it is certain your app requires multiple APKs for installation it asks PackageManager for the PackageInfo of your app. Starting with API level 21 this has a splitNames property which has the names of any installed split APKs for your app package. If it is empty one or more APKs were not installed and the user is warned to reinstall the app. Straightforward.
Curiously it also warns you, if there is only one entry with an empty name. Please let us know in the comments why you think that is.
And that is it. Make sure to add the Play Core detection if your app is using ObjectBox and App Bundle to avoid sideloading crashes and keep your users happy.
In this case study, we talked with easyGOband CTO Christian Bongart about their implementation of ObjectBox in a cashless payment and access control solution, which spans across devices from Android to Raspberry Pi.
Alyssa – Hi Christian, thanks for joining me. Can you quickly introduce yourself and easyGOband?
Christian – Hi Alyssa, thanks. I am the co-founder of easyGOband and the CTO. We founded easyGOband back in 2017 as a product for music festivals. We introduced RFID wristbands as an access control system and as a payment solution for music festivals, since they have issues with connectivity.
Normally festivals only accept cash or they have a plastic token system. easyGOband, is a cashless system where you link your entry ticket over web application with your barcode. You can prepay your Near-Field Communication (NFC) wristband with lets say €20, for example. We activate and validate your ticket through the access control, and we hand you over the activated NFC wristband which would then contain the €20. Each seller then has an android device, which is like a small POS device, where you can enter the products you want to charge and the balance gets removed from the wrist band.
A – So, tell me a bit more about where the data sits.
C – The actual data is all stored in the wrist band and on the POS device. So it works in low connectivity environment because music festivals the massification of all the people together adds connectivity issues. Antennas can’t make it. Wifi is also a problem because of interference with audio devices, microphone and stuff like this – it is very hard to have a good connectivity. Other music festivals have invested online solutions with WiFi and they always have big problems with it because music festivals have 60,000 – 70,000 attendants and then the whole payment system goes down – it’s a catastrophe. That many people – no beer, that’s not good at a music event. And that’s how our company was initially born. We have been working in music festivals all over the world, in small music festivals, in bigger music festivals, in Argentina and Mexico, in Ecuador, and in Spain mostly.
A – Are music festivals still your primary target group?
C – Well, we noticed that this music festival business is not the best business we could pick up because it is very hard. Every year, you have to rearrange the agreement with the music festivals. It is quite hard for them to pay and then we noticed that our product could be well suited as well for hotels and resorts. And then we started to work with some large hotel customers, for example, in Spain we worked with Globalia which is the owner of Air Europa. Or Grupo Piñero, and in Cancun working with hotel chain called Oasis and now we are quite far into the hotel business and it’s working quite well.
A – Okay, that makes sense, hotels are a big market. So, tell me a bit about how you use ObjectBox, what does our solution solve for easyGOband?
C – The thing is, the low connectivity environment for us plays a pretty important role in our product. And that means we have to store a lot of data locally on the devices. For example, when the device makes a transaction, it tries to make the notification through the application server but if it can’t notify it then it just stores the data locally and tries again afterwards. For example, all transactions that are made during the event or hotel will store it locally on every single device so that device – as long as it has any connectivity during the operation even if the connectivity breaks at a single moment – can still see all the data: which transaction has been made, what’s the balance, what room is this wristband related to, what access group has it. We combine the data that we synchronize with the application server with ObjectBox, and the data that we can get real time with the NFC wristbands, we can operate 100% even if we are out of connectivity.
We first started with just SQLite. The thing is, we have to work on different devices. We have to work on Android devices, on Linux devices, we have to work on Windows PC and other devices. Something happened in the Android versions I think with the JDBC driver for SQLite and then we needed two different implementations. One with the native SQLite driver from Android and one with just the JDBC driver. That wasn’t ideal for us, more maintenance. After that we tried H2 but there were some issues with corrupting the DBs and stuff like this. And then I found ObjectBox and we give it a try and it worked quite well. And we are now using ObjectBox on all our devices – Windows PC, Linux PC, we are even using Raspberry Pi.
We have to work on different devices. We have to work on Android devices, on Linux devices, we have to work on Windows PC and other devices.
A – Very cool. What’s the use case for the Raspberry Pi?
C – We have a system where we integrate with gatekeeper devices, like automatic doors, and we have one single Raspberry Pi for each gatekeeper. You scan the wrist band, the Raspberry Pi makes the connection with the gatekeeper and opens the door, for example. Or in general we use it for access control system for example, camping or resorts where you have access to the gym, it’s an electro magnetic door and we connect the Raspberry Pi to it and with a relay to open the door for it. And the Raspberry Pi is perfect for this. The newer Raspberry Pis run java based applications very well. Even with a user interface, we found it works well. ObjectBox is just perfect for us, since we can use it on all the different devices, one single implementation for all the repositories. For us, it’s perfect.
A – I believe it. So, in terms of implementation, was it fairly easy to do so across the different devices, were there any challenges?
C – It was quite easy. There was some smaller workarounds. For example we had to stick to number IDs, but the IDs on our system are UIDs. Because data is generated on the devices, we have to use UIDs, we cannot just use a non-sequential ID for this. Just some smaller workarounds – I think you are already working on different solutions that would fix our minor issues. Performance is very good. Implementation was done by one week or so, so yeah, it was quite good.
A – What are some big picture goals for your company, in terms of your road map, product road map?
C – Our next goal is a whole new product for hotels. Because, when we started doing business with hotels and we began seeing what our customers need. Now we have learned enough so we can do a single product for our hotel customers. We are going to do a web page and connect to peripherals over websockets. This means, for example, you as an operator in a hotel, as a receptionist, you login to your web panel, and there’s a button that says, let’s say – “Activate RFID Wristband” and we can connect to the device and execute the order that was initiated by the receptionist. The peripherals in Android devices, and in general would all be using ObjectBox to sync and store on the later.
ObjectBox is just perfect for us, since we can use it on all the different devices, one single implementation for all the repositories.
A – Great that you are able to solve a specific customer pain point. What are you using as a synchronization solution, is that built in house?
C – Yes, yes. On the app server, we use MySQL, I think Aurora Serverless from Amazon and we use JOOQ, a query builder on top of it to build our queries and stuff like this, and then we have an SDK on the client size which uses ObjectBox to store the data on the device.
A – Okay, that’s interesting. Maybe, if you’re familiar or not, we have a synchronization solution for ObjectBox as well.
C – Yes, I’ve been looking into it. Looks good, we will definitely try it out when it’s released. We generate data on different devices and all devices need to sync data that is generated by all the other different devices.
A – So, did you look at ObjectBox because of performance at all?
C – Not really, we were mostly having issues in terms of compatibility. That was the main reason we switched from SQLite or H2 to ObjectBox. It wasn’t only performance related. For example, with SQLite, the performance we were getting was okay. Because the data was stored on every single device, it’s not that much data volume that you have. For example, even at the largest music festival, maybe the biggest we make 1000 or 2000 transactions in minutes or at most. We don’t generate that much data. It was much more relevant with the different compatibility, on the different devices, and that code-base was usable on the most devices possible. That was very important for us. Obviously performance is also important – but it’s not the most important thing for us.
A – Sure, so performance wasn’t necessarily a driver there. Anything else you would like to share about using ObjectBox?
C – You solved a lot of issues that we were facing. And the thing is, we are very happy that every time we have an issue, for example, we found an issue that we couldn’t use it on 32-bit windows devices, that was also almost a year ago, it was fixed within just a few weeks and that is very nice. We have never found such a good and quick response from 3rd party and free solution. Later on we had the issue with the Raspberry Pi where we couldn’t use it because of some issue with your continuous integration – also it was solved by you. That was amazing, I don’t know how to thank you.
A – That’s great to hear. Our community is extremely important to us, it’s a large part of why we’re building ObjectBox. Thank you for sharing your case study, it will be nice to be able to give other users an idea of how ObjectBox can be implememented in so many different applications.
Today, over 90 percent of enterprise data is sent to the cloud. In the next years, this number will drop to just 25 percent according to Gartner. Where is the rest of the data going? It’s not going anywhere. It is being stored and used locally, on the device it was created on. This is edge computing.
Mist, fog, edge, cloud – the terms ☁️
To bring some light into the terminology mess: The terms “mist” and “cloud” constitute the ends of a continuum.
Mist covers the computing area that takes place on really tiny, distributed, and outspread devices, e.g. humidity or temperature sensors. To make it a bit more tangible: These devices generally are too small to run an operating system locally. They just generate data and send it to the network.
As opposed to this, the cloud refers to huge centralized data centers.
The terms “fog” and “edge” fall within this continuum and – depending on whose definition you follow – can be used interchangeably.
The underlying megatrend enabling this shift is cheaper and more efficient hardware, as well as the emergence of edge databases. Edge databases are specifically designed to run on the edge and therefore lean and efficient. Both the number of mobile and IoT devices, and alongside data volumes are exploding at exponential rates. At the same time computing capabilities on the edge level are advancing faster than those on the cloud level. So, the edge has increasingly more power – power that is currently often underused.
New applications and requirements drive the shift to the edge:
Offline Capability is necessary in some applications, but many offer it for a more seamless user experience (think about it: When you are mobile, at some point you will be offline)
Advantages of setting your project up in the cloud ☁️
So, what about the cloud; do we still need it in this era of Edge Computing? Setting up your project in the cloud has some advantages: First of all, the setup itself is comparably easy, as the cloud servers are managed by another organization. This also means that you do not need to worry about scalability of your servers or data loss, i.e. the need for redundancy, reducing overall downtimes. Additionally, cloud systems also are well tested, automatically updated and often encryption mechanisms are provided natively. This eases up on administration. Generally, you can use the cloud rather quickly without worrying about lengthy and error-prone setup tasks. Using servers also centralizes the logic: clients will just call a unified interface (e.g. Web/REST).
A typical IoT-setup would often be centralized and look like this today:
Advantages of running your application on the edge 🗡️
Running an application on the edge, e.g. your Android phone, a Smart Home Server, or in the car, has a couple of advantages:
The application works everywhere, all of the time (offline / online)
Great supersmooth User Experience (UX) as the app can respond in (near) realtime
Data stays where it was produced and belongs, the user maintains data ownership
Cloud / Connectivity costs go way down
Some tangible use cases for edge computing:
Many Mobile Games run on the edge. As a game developer you really want your users to be able to engage with the game whenever they feel like it and have the time. And as a gamer, you may well want to play when offline, for example when commuting on the underground. Also, gamers really care about the user experience with very smooth animations and high-fidelity visuals.
Autonomous driving as well as any human safety application needs to work independent from an Internet connection and in realtime. Imagine crashing because the car was trying to connect to the cloud or still waiting for the database to respond.
Smart home or smart health applications should work even when there is no connection, but moreover: Why should you personal health data leave your private space? You probably would want to own that data and keep it safe in the local environment. That way it is much less likely that s.o. will try to hack your individual data versus millions of centrally stored data.
Predictive maintenance apps usually need to process tons of data or high-fidelity data like video streams. Transferring all this data to the cloud usually means such high cloud costs that the project becomes unprofitable. Therefore, they usually are run on the edge and only aggregated data transferred to a central server.
Unlikely. Often you want some data accessible from anywhere. Synchronizing parts of the data to the cloud (or an on-premise central server) allows you to combine many of the advantages from edge and cloud computing. Thus, the edge is a natural extension of the cloud that makes applications all the more powerful. We believe that future scenarios will often look like this:
This line of reasoning is supported by the fact that all major cloud companies, e.g. Amazon, Google, Microsoft, are pursuing an edge strategy.
Why should Android developers care about Edge Computing? 🚀
Here is why designing your app to run on the edge will help you be successful on the Play Store: There are roughly 2.1 mill. Android Apps to choose from today in the Play Store. To stand a chance in that market you need to delight your users and get good app store ratings. Edge Computing delivers on the app traits users care about most: performance, security, and availability.
Users care about performance – a lot 💨
Whenever an app responds to a query directly instead of taking a round-trip to the cloud and back, it should be faster. More importantly, you can measure and optimize more reliably, as the latency is independent from the network connection. This enables the fast high-quality digital experience consumers want.
Reliable performance was found to be the second most important trait for app users in a study by PacketZoom.
A study by appdynamics found that more than eight out of ten respondents had deleted or uninstalled at least one mobile app because of performance issues.
The same study found that 44% of respondents closed the app when experiencing poor network performance, but even worse: 32% even uninstall the app altogether. They also found, the reverse is true for fast performing and reliable apps with usage increasing.
As an Android developer you also know that many consumers cannot or do not care, why an app is not working. If the application is not working or just responding very slowly, users are dissatisified and annoyed. Therefore, as the developer you need to make sure your app always performs well.
“When your app depends on a network, latency is out of your control.”
Now, you might need to query data from the network. That’s fine; if most of your app is running independent from a connection, there are tons of ways to optimize user experience for connectivity loss and network latency.
Security is a hot topic and can be a USP 🛡️
Users care about security, and this is a trend that will – in the face of the loss of huge amounts of personal data by tech giants – only continue to grow. When you leave data at the edge, on the device of the user, data security is much easier to provide. On top, data ownership is clear, easing up on data privacy.
Data is much more secure stored in one place than when transferred over the network – possibly again and again and again. Android provides a good basis for keeping internally stored data safe. If data security and privacy are important for you, your app, or your users, think about keeping data locally and then only synchronizing data you really need accessible from anywhere. Last not least, while an individual phone may be hacked, it is less likely to occur and only an individual dataset is compromised (as opposed to millions of datasets).
Offline first – deliver an always-on-feeling 🔌
Users do not care about connectivity, they simply want to use the application when they want to – at home, in a department store, in a train, on a flight, on vacation. And when they can’t access an app, their user experience is bad. Even today in a highly connected world, there are lots of times where people have no connectivity or need to switch data off to save battery. The app that supports them in these times ;), is the one they will love and use
The most important advantage of doing an offline-first app is the availability of the app. Google translate is a great example of an app that you want to be offline-capable. Chances are that when you need it most you are in a place where you do not have a (affordable) connection. But you might also appreciate being able to read and search through your mails when you are on a plane too. Or type WhatsApp messages that go out when connected again, or just enjoy a round of Subway Surfers.
Offline-first apps make it possible to move content off the server and onto the phone. If an app only has to go to the server when it needs to, rather than all the time, it will be faster and more reliable. This is particularly significant where content doesn’t change often, but users require fast access.
First of all the 5G rollouts and uptake still will take some time, but if you are reading this you are building a business now. Secondly, while it will bring a faster network connection to many areas, there are caveats to a central cloud-based application that won’t change:
When you are mobile, at some point you will be offline or your connection flaky.
Storing and transferring data to the cloud is costly.
Storing and transferring data unnecessarily to the cloud is wasteful.
Storing data centrally yields higher security risks for your user’s data; transferring data is an additional security risk. Any data you can just keep locally is safest.
If you leave the data with the user, data ownership is clear and you do not need to worry about privacy.
How do I bring my Android app to the edge?🏃
As an Android developer, chances are, you are already doing Edge Computing in many of the apps you are developing.
First of all, offline-first does not work with typical web pages. Usually, you would go for a native app, or alternatively, a progressive web app (PWA) or similar technology. Apart from multiple UX benefits and speed, most users prefer native apps and users still spend 80% of their mobile usage time in apps.
Secondly, for an offline-first architecture you need a local storage as a primary source of data, e.g. a database. Changes to data are made in this layer. Application also can and usually do have networking components to synchronize data to a server. However, this connection to the backend is mainly used in the background to synchronize the local database.
So, why does not everybody do it all the time? Well, there are use cases where it does not make sense to go the extra mile for the limited functionality that edge computing would bring, e.g. in a parking app. Obviously, most relevant data points like your car and the availability of parking spots are changing all the time. So, you really are dependent upon a constant connection, or rather several constant connections: From the spots to the cloud and from the cloud to the app. However, there is another reason: Offline-capable apps are hard. That is why we developed ObjectBox Sync.
Does any app need to run at the edge? ⚖️
As always, there are some cases where the cloud makes perfect sense, indeed is the only option – and the same is true for the edge. You need to assess what you want to achieve and where the value lies for your application and users.
Sustainable Computing: Why the edge is saving the world 🦸
If you do not need to push all the data to the cloud, where large chunks of it might not even be used, you might want to take a step back and consider the broader picture: What do all these billions of mobile and IoT devices (that are quite capable) do while they wait for the cloud to respond? Nothing.
Sending data to the cloud unnecessarily is wasteful in two respects: Use of bandwidth and server capacity (which comes down to infrastructure, electricity and physical space) and the big waste of underused resources.
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