Why database performance creates business value

by Vivien | Feb 20, 2021 | Edge Computing, Insights, IoT

“Why does database performance matter?” “What is the business value of database speed?” “Why should I care about the performance of a database?”

Why database performance matters in a nutshell

Make Faster Decisions

Database speed is the key to compute more data faster and make data-based decisions quickly. Faster decision-making drives business value.

Save Resources & Costs

Database speed translates into resource efficiency. Saving resources (like battery, CPU, memory) saves money and reduces waste.

Better UX & Response Rates

Database speed affects end user response rates significantly – smooth and fast user experiences keep people happy and more productive.

As a developer, it seems clear that database performance matters. At the very least, a fast database that gives you out-of-the-box speed saves time and nerves during development. Any piece of the tech stack that works super-fast makes a developer’s job easier. But there is more to it. Learn, why and how database performance impacts business value and get ideas on how to quantify this for your business case.

Data should be available when need where needed

We all dream of a future transformed by data. Cars that drive themselves to be repaired before a failure occurs. Fridges that are restocked while we are at work. Reducing resource waste to an absolute minimum. Building sustainable cities and communities.[1] It is truly amazing what is possible today…

Then reality hits: Before you can implement amazing solutions to make the world a better place for everyone, someone needs to solve the technical challenges, including hidden requirements. For example: you need the necessary data, and you need it available when needed where needed. This often isn’t that simple. Data persistence, database speed, and data synchronization are typical non-functional or “hidden” requirements. These are prerequisite technologies to allow the application to access, process and possibly depict the data required to answer a request (from another application or from a user), and thus enable the functionalities / features. All in all, this is a pretty fundamental requirement. And it pays off to build your app on top of a solid foundation. Because, if you built your application on a solid foundation, every feature you dream up, no matter when, and any next feature will be easier and faster to implement.

Functional and non-functional requirements – the hidden challenges of your IoT project

While you need data in any application, most often no one will write down where and how to handle it as a user story or requirement. As opposed to features, e.g. “being able to search for names in the address book”, data persistence, database speed, and often even data synchronization are “hidden requirements”. Data is just expected to be available where needed when needed. Whether the data you need really will be available when you need it, depends strongly on the database the application is using and and where this database runs. On top, the mechanisms you employ to exchange data between different devices (end devices, servers, ….) matter.

Hidden requirements are one of the major reasons why the Industry 4.0 dream is still in many respects a dream and not a reality – in Europe at least. Despite it being a topic for more than 10 years. [2]

Database performance

What is a database?

A database is a piece of software that allows the storage and systematic use of digital information. A database typically allows developers to store, access, search, update, query, and otherwise manipulate data in the database via a developer language or API. These types of operations are done within an application, in the background, typically hidden from end users. Most applications need a database as part of their technology stack.

What is database performance?

We like and therefore use the following definition from Craig Mullins (2002): “Database performance can be defined as the optimization of resource use to increase throughput and minimize contention, enabling the largest possible workload to be processed.” [3]

Why does it matter if the database runs on the edge or in the cloud?

An edge database holds data on the (end) devices, where the data is used – and typically additionally sends some parts of the data to a central place like an on-premise server or the cloud. As opposed to this, a server / cloud-based database holds all data on the server / in the cloud. Where the data sits, determines from where, when and how it can be accessed. If all data is on a central server or the cloud, the prerequisite to accessing this data is a working network connection.

Online

Offline

It follows that edge applications are based upon a distributed computing paradigm, allowing edge devices to be autonomous. On the other hand, cloud-based applications are based on the centralized computing paradigm, where one central instance is in charge, with all other devices being dependent upon this central instance. This significantly affects the response time of the application, the availability of the application, and last not least the bandwidth needed for the application, which also translates into cloud costs.

Location matters: while a fast database gives you fast response times, if the database sits in the cloud and needs to be called from edge devices, you need to factor in the duration it takes to request the data and get a response. And with any networking you cannot guarantee response times or ensure it is always available. While this is not the database performance itself, it highly affects application performance.

The impact of database performance on your business

Database performance matters. Whether your solution needs the speed, because of the necessity to re-act in (near) realtime, or to keep your users (customers, employees, …) happy, productive, buying, or just to save costs for stronger edge hardware and the cloud. “Considering that even a single moment of latency or downtime can cost companies thousands of dollars, the speed advantages of edge computing cannot be overlooked.” [4]

The necessity of database speed for mission-critical, security relevant, (near) real-time functionalities

If you need near real time functionalities, every piece in the tech stack matters, but the database has a particularly strong impact on the response rates of your application. Consider autonomous driving, healthcare and security applications, or IIoT solutions for production lines: Any application supporting such a scenario needs to respond reliably with speed. “This is not the same as a lag in loading your favorite cat pictures. A lag in a moving vehicle scenario is a matter of life and death.” [5]

Accordingly, if end devices like cars, smartphones, health trackers, machines on the factory floor are involved, a purely cloud-based application is not an option. Data needs to be stored and used on the devices directly. Thus, an edge database is necessary. Ideally, an extremely fast one.

Examples of use cases with a need for database speed

Anything running on a car really needs to be highly ressource efficient and fast. Ressources on the car are highly limited and database speed translates into ressource-efficency. Autonomous driving capabilities are a special case requiring significant compute power to run the algorithms in real-time within the control unit of the car. As can be easily deducted from first-hand driving experience, during this kind of constant information processing and instantaneous decision making, every fraction of a millisecond counts. Information processing speed and reliability (guaranteed QoS parameters) is of the essence for driver assistance and autonomous driving.

Moving to a purely monetary example, let’s consider roadside tolling. In roadside tolling, the edge devices on the side of the road need to process the information from a moving vehicle in order to identify the car, bill according to usage, and detect violators. Ideally, it even informs the car owner of the result. As the car is constantly moving and can be going fast, all of this needs to happen in a very short amount of time. A super fast database lookup on the edge is key to avoid money loss and deliver good customer service.

For a final example, let us look at an Industrial IoT (IIoT) application: Additive manufacturing. 3D printers use layering techniques with a variety of materials to quickly create custom designed parts. During the layering process, the controller needs to quickly and efficiently incorporate small changes in the environment (e.g. an increase in temperature) to ensure quality and accuracy of the part. Faster and more precise manufacturing is currently limited by the I/O throughput. With a fast database, the I/O throughput is higher, allowing for more complex and finite production.

In short: A superfast database is not a nice to-have, it is a must-have. The database speed a database brings out-of-the-box is critical for such an application.

The impact of database speed on Sales, Conversions, Retention (or at least, nerves)

There is a reason Google forces companies to optimize their websites and mobile applications for performance: There is a wealth of research and evidence that suggests response rates of websites and mobile applications impact user behavior significantly.[6] Even more, there are several studies providing evidence that response rates impact actual buying behavior. [7] While there is less research on other digital applications like e.g. a desktop app or workplace software, some studies have shown that needing to work with slow applications decreases employee satisfaction and productivity. [8]

The impact of database speed on battery, CPU, hardware and related resources

Another hidden requirement typically is resource-efficiency with regards to CPU, RAM, Disc space and battery / electricity. For any application running in the cloud, these requirements are balanced in the backend as the cloud scales vertically. It “only” adds to cloud costs (and is a waste of energy – not to mention all the infrastructure / hardware enabling that waste).

On the edge, you typically work with restricted devices, meaning you can only use the devices’ resources, which can be pretty limited. Therefore, inefficient applications can push a device to its limits, leading to e.g. slow response rates, crashes, and battery drain. Security is a very necessary cross-the-stack functionality that often impacts performance. While data that stays on the edge is challenging to hack, edge data needs to be protected just like data in the cloud.

How database performance impacts the business value of your IoT application

All applications on one device share the available hardware capabilities; resource allocation is managed by the operating system. Accordingly, the more resources an application or the database uses, the less resources are available for other uses. The faster a database executes its operations, the less CPU it uses, the less battery / electricity, and typically also memory. In practice that means there are more resources available on the device to run e.g. Edge AI or Edge ML applications.

From a business value perspective that means:

You can save on hardware costs (CPU, RAM, Disc, Memory, …): either do more on existing / chosen hardware, upgrade hardware later or choose smaller and thus less expensive hardware.
You can save on energy and cloud costs: The more efficient, the less electricity, the less cloud costs. This can add up tremendously as projects scale.
You can add more features, deliver more functionalities, make your application more secure within a given environment.
You can deliver a smooth, fast user experience, enabling applications that deliver in near-realtime.
In sum, it clearly impacts the cost structure and value you can deliver.

Database performance impacts business value, directly and indirectly

As projects scale in size and scope, hidden requirements like database performance often become clear. At scale, small issues like delayed data, or data volumes, become big headaches. Ideally, these sorts of requirements would be at the heart of the design stage of any project – and budgeted for at the beginning. The choice of database clearly has a huge impact on the business success of IoT applications.

[1] See https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/01/effect-technology-sustainability-sdgs-internet-things-iot/ for IoT impact on Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
[2] https://restart-project.eu/much-know-industry-4-0/
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiGidSA6trnAhVQY8AKHTpSDUIQFjAMegQICBAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2076-3387%2F9%2F3%2F71%2Fpdf&usg=AOvVaw3cx44OOMfNzJ_BJlCG8Gfj
[3] Database Administration: The Complete Guide to Practices and Procedures By Craig Mullins 2002
[4] https://www.vxchnge.com/blog/the-5-best-benefits-of-edge-computing
[5] https://www.zdnet.com/article/why-autonomous-vehicles-will-rely-on-edge-computing-and-not-the-cloud/
[6] https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/why-performance-matters https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/intl/en-154/insights-inspiration/research-data/need-mobile-speed-how-mobile-latency-impacts-publisher-revenue/
https://www.machmetrics.com/speed-blog/how-does-page-load-time-affect-your-site-revenue
https://datadome.co/bot-management-protection/website-performance-how-to-increase-your-business-by-blocking-bots/
[7] https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/why-performance-matters
https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/intl/en-154/insights-inspiration/research-data/need-mobile-speed-how-mobile-latency-impacts-publisher-revenue/
https://www.machmetrics.com/speed-blog/how-does-page-load-time-affect-your-site-revenue
https://datadome.co/bot-management-protection/website-performance-how-to-increase-your-business-by-blocking-bots/
[8] https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/1233
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01449290500196963

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Flutter databases – Hive, ObjectBox, sqflite, Isar and Moor (e.g. Drift, floor)

by Vivien | Feb 3, 2021 | Android, Mobile Database, ObjectBox, Open Source, SQlite, Sync

Flutter, the renowned cross-platform mobile framework, has been gaining immense popularity among developers worldwide. In 2024, Flutter had over 1 million monthly active developers, was behind nearly 30% of new iOS apps, and continued to be the most popular framework for cross-platform development. Dart, the programming language behind Flutter, was first released in 2011 and already made it to spot 28 on the Tiobe index as of February 2025.

This growth comes from a strong community, with more than 1,400 contributors, 10,000 package publishers, and over 50,000 available packages. As the Flutter community expands, the demand for efficient Flutter databases is also increasing. Developers now have access to a range of Flutter database options that cater to various needs and preferences.

In this article, we’ll focus specifically on local storage solutions, as these are essential for enabling offline functionality, improving performance, ensuring data persistence, enhancing data privacy and security, and supporting edge computing capabilities. Furthermore, local data storage is needed to promote sustainability. Let’s dive into the current local database landscape for Flutter and compare the most popular options.

Flutter databases / Flutter Dart data persistence

While the database market is huge and dynamic, there are only few options to choose from if you are a Flutter / Dart app developer. Before we dive into the Flutter database options, advantages and disadvantages, we’re taking a very quick look at databases to make sure, we share a common ground.

What is a database?

A database is a piece of software that allows the storage and systematic use of digital information, in other words: data persistence. As opposed to mere caching, data is reliably stored and available to work with unless actively deleted. A database typically allows developers to store, access, search, update, query, and otherwise manipulate data in the database via a developer language or API. These types of operations are done within an application, in the background, typically hidden from end users. Many applications need a database as part of their technology stack. The most typical database operations are CRUD: Create, Read, Update, Delete.

What are the major types of databases?

There are many types of databases. For our purpose, the most important differentiations are non-relational (NoSQL) versus relational databases (SQL), cloud databases versus edge databases, and maybe embedded versus in-memory. However, databases can be further distinguished by additional criteria e.g. the data types they support, or the way they scale – and definitions can vary.

What is an ORM?

An Object relational Mapper (ORM) is not a database. We’re bringing this up mainly, because we see it confused often. It is a layer that sits on top of a database and makes it easier to use. This is typically especially relevant when the database is a relational database (SQL) and the programming language used is object-oriented. As noted above, Dart is an object-oriuented programming language.

The Flutter local data persistence landscape

There are several Flutter databases that provide offline support, offering the ability to store and access data locally even without an internet connection. Here are some of the notable options:

Hive is a lightweight key-value database written in Dart for Flutter applications, inspired by Bitcask.
ObjectBox DB is a highly performant lightweight NoSQL database with an integrated Data Sync. It stores objects.
sqflite is a wrapper around SQLite, which is a relational database without direct support for Dart objects.
Drift is a reactive persistence library for Flutter and Dart, built ontop of SQLite.
Floor is another ORM on top of SQLite.

What is the best offline Flutter Dart database?

This of course depends… Make up your own mind with the following comparison matrix as a starting point. Note: With very few options to choose from, the following overview is sometimes a bit like comparing apples 🍎 and pears 🍐.

Data persistence	Description	Primary Model	Data Sync	Language	License	Fun Fact	"Headquarter"
Drift	ORM on top of SQLite	relational	❌	SQL	SQLite is public domain, Drift is MIT	Formerly known as Moor	🇩🇪
Floor	ORM on top of SQLite	relational	❌	SQL	SQLite is public domain, floor is Apache 2.0	Developed by a mobile app agency, not an individual author	🇳🇱
Isar	Lightweight NoSQL database	NoSQL	❌	Dart	Apache 2.0	Also the author of Hive - both libs are not maintained anymore	🇩🇪
Hive	Predecessor of Isar	NoSQL	❌	Dart	Apache 2.0	Also the author of Isar - both libs are not maintained anymore	🇩🇪
ObjectBox	Lightweight NoSQL database with integrated Data Sync	NoSQL	✅	Dart	Bindings are Apache 2.0	It is used in BMW cars 😮	🇩🇪
Realm	NoSQL database acquired by Mongo DB in spring 2019, Flutter binding came in 2023, now deprecated	NoSQL	Deprecated, End of life in Sep 2025; closest substitute is ObjectBox	Dart	Apache 2.0	Originally Realm was developed in Denmark… MongoDB stopped Realm support and the Sync is deprecated	🇺🇸
Sembast	NoSQL database, fully document-based	NoSQL	❌	Dart	BSD-3-Clause	Also the author of SQFlite	🇫🇷
sqflite	SQLite plugin for Flutter	relational	❌	SQL	SQLite is public domain, sqflite lib is MIT	Not an ORM	🇫🇷

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Flutter Database performance benchmarks

As with any benchmark, you need to take a look at the details. We take benchmarking very serious and strive to get accurate results. Therefore, we also always open source the benchmarking code and encourage you to check it out. If you note anything that does not even out in your oppinion, do let us know. We have a long history of updating and improving our benchmarks continually and are happy to take any recommendations.

Performance Benchmark Test Setup

We used an Android 10 device with a Kirin 980 CPU to run the benchmarks as a Flutter app. The app executed all operations (ops) in batches of 10.000 objects. Each batch formed a single transaction. We ran each test 50 times. The results you see in the diagram are averages across all runs. We set it up that way to ensure that neither the Virtual Machine warmup during the first run nor the garbage collections affect the overall result significantly.

Flutter Databases CRUD Performance Results

Summary of the Flutter Dart DB Benchmarks

Hive and ObjectBox clearly outperform sqflite across all CRUD operations. The results show ObjectBox performing with up to 70 times the speedup for create and update operations. With regards to comparing Hive and ObjectBox, the results vary more. Hive can be faster at reading objects than ObjectBox. However, strictly speaking it’s not a fair comparison, because in Hive, the high read numbers result from Dart objects already cached in memory. If the objects are fetched using the async API from disk, the numbers drop by factor 1000.

Drift and Floor were not part of the benchmarking as they are ORMs. However, it is very likely they will perform similarly to sqflite, reflecting primarily the performance of SQLite.

Flutter Data persistence – Conclusion

Recently, the Flutter database landscape has experienced significant growth and diversification. With Flutter’s increasing popularity, developers now have a number of database options available. In this article, we focused on the best local databases, comparing their features in a comprehensive matrix, and showcasing performance benchmarks. In the end, the best choice depends on the specific needs of each project. The Flutter database landscape in 2025 is a thriving ecosystem, continuously evolving to meet the changing needs of Flutter app development. One upcoming change that we can see is the rise of vector databases for AI. So, we encourage you to keep an eye on the lively market of Flutter databases not to miss any important updates.

If you want to get started learning how to use a database, we suggest you check out this video tutorial series that teaches you how to build a Flutter app with ObjectBox from scratch.

Firebase alternatives for Data Storage and Data Sync

by Vivien | Feb 3, 2021 | Android, Mobile Database, ORM, Sync

Data Sync is a typical recurring and typically non-trivial developer challenge. Synchronizing data in offline/online settings, like for example across eventually connected devices, is simply hard. While JSON / REST is great, building Data Sync yourself is time-consuming, risky, and typically considered no fun. Therefore, today, we take a look at the out-of-the-box Data Sync market. If you are rather interested learning about Data Sync in general, check out this article about why data sync technology is more necessary than ever.

Introduction

One of the most well-known Data Sync solutions is Firebase. However, Firebase is purely cloud based and offers no support for local data storage ( as in “data persistence above caching”) and therefore offline usage. With a huge shift happening in computing from the cloud to the edge, offline-first approaches and Edge Computing are getting more and more important. Therefore, we’ve recently taken a comprehensive look at mobile database and edge database offerings on the market. But what options do Mobile and IoT developers working on the edge have for out-of-the-box Data Sync solutions? Very few. While there are more and more cloud-based Firebase alternatives springing up nearly daily (e.g. appwrite and supabase) forcing the user into a centralized cloud setup, there is almost nothing that supports offline Data Sync and / or persistent local data storage. As our focus is on offline / edge Data Sync and local storage, in the following we add all edge / offline Data Sync solutions we know of, but spare you the wealth of cloud options only adding the established ones.

Firebase

Firebase is a cloud backend service ((Mobile) Backend as a Service ((M)BaaS)) that enables developers to build mobile or web applications without needing to take care of the backend. This includes the data synchronization, scalability, network, infrastructure challenges etc. Indeed, Firebase, today, offers many different services (e.g. analytics, crashlytics) and goes well beyond Data Sync. We are looking at Firebase from the Data Sync perspective only. Firebase was one of the first Data Sync solutions available on the market together with Parse and Couchbase, which all started in 2011 (Couchbase through a merger of CouchOne and Membase). In 2014, Firebase was acquired by Google. Incidentally, the same year Parse was acquired by Facebook to be subsequently shut down, and Couchbase raised significant funding. All three are still in use today.

Firebase Pros and Cons

In the following, we will first look at the advantages and disadvantages of Firebase. Then, we will compare Firebase with Firebase alternatives like Couchbase, Parse and ObjectBox in a comprehensive matrix.

Firebase Advantages ++	Firebase Disadvantages —
Cloud based	Purely cloud based
Google: large team that supports and maintains it; very low risk of the company failing; however, Google has a reputation of discontinuing products / services, so there is no guarantee	Google: vendor lock-in (no migration tools prevents you from making your app portable), you cannot access your data as it is hosted on the Firebase server
Backend as a service (ease of use)	Less flexibility: You cannot optimize the backend to match your app’s needs
The Firebase Realtime Database has its own advantages: hosted, powered by Google for pure online use cases rather fast great if you do not have a strong DB background	The Firebase Realtime Database has its own drawbacks: the whole DB is a huge JSON file limited querying capabilities no way to efficiently filter data Easily disorganized, hard to navigate and search
Pay as you go, price scales with usage	Cost insecurities, hard to impossible to predict
Less iOS support (stronger focus on Android)	Less iOS support (stronger focus on Android)
	Doesn’t work in countries that don’t allow Google
	User privacy concerns***

*** “Firebase has been claimed to be used by Google to track users without their knowledge. On July 14, 2020, a lawsuit was filed accusing Google of (…) logging what the users are looking at in many types of apps, despite the user following Google’s own instructions to turn off the web and app activity collected by the company.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase)anced settings.

Firebase Advantages ++

– Cloud based
– Google: large team that supports and maintains it; very low risk of the company failing; however, Google has a reputation of discontinuing products / services, so there is no guarantee
– Backend as a service (ease of use)
– The Firebase Real-time Database has its own advantages:
– Pay as you go, price scales with usage
– Less iOS support (stronger focus on Android)

Firebase Disadvantages —

– Purely cloud based
– Google: vendor lock-in (no migration tools prevents you from making your app portable), you cannot access your data as it is hosted on the Firebase server
– Less flexibility: You cannot optimize the backend to match your app’s needs
– The Firebase Real-time Database has its own drawbacks
– the whole DB is a huge JSON file
– limited querying capabilities
– no way to efficiently filter data
– Easily disorganized, hard to navigate and search
– Cost insecurities, hard – impossible to predict
– Less iOS support (stronger focus on Android)
– Doesn’t work in the countries that don’t allow Google
– User privacy concerns: “Firebase has been claimed to be used by Google to track users without their knowledge. On July 14, 2020, a lawsuit was filed accusing Google of (…) logging what the users are looking at in many types of apps, despite the user following Google’s own instructions to turn off the web and app activity collected by the company.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebase)

Firebase alternatives: A look at out-of-the-box data sync solutions

The majority of offerings for developers that handle Data Sync as defined here, are cloud-based and fall into the category of BaaS (can also be MBaaS (Mobile Backend as a Service) or PaaS (platform as a Service) or DBaaS (Database as a Service). This means that data synchronisation is only a specific part of the whole offering.

Data Sync Solution comparison matrix – Firebase and its alternatives

Solution name	Company	Category	Data Sync	IoT / Mobile	Database	Type of DB	Cloud	OS / Platforms	Languages	License
Cloudant Sync	IBM (Cloudant was acquired in 2014)	DBaaS (Cloud DB and Cloud Sync)	Two-way cloud data replication (called “sync”)	IoT & Mobile	Cloud database based on Couch DB	NoSQL; distributed JSON document database	Cloud-based replication to and from on-device data (CouchDB <> cloud service)	hosted service	C#, Java, JavaScript, Objective-C, PHP, Ruby	Proprietary (CouchDB is Apache 2.0 and they integrate with several open source libraries)
Couchbase server & Sync Gateway	Couchbase (a merger of Couch One and Membase)	Cloud DB and Cloud Sync	Sync needs a Couchbase Server	IoT & Mobile	Edge: Couchbase Lite; Server: Couchbase	NoSQL; document database	Always needs Couchbase Server (originally Membase)	mainly used as hosted service; iOS, Android, .NET (Desktop/Server), .NET UWP, Xamarin	Swift, Objective-C, Java (Android), Java (Non-Android), Kotlin, C#, JavaScript, C	Apache 2.0, delayed open source
Firebase**	Google (Firebase was acquired by Google in 2014)	BaaS (Cloud)	Cloud Sync via Google servers	Mobile	Cloud: Firebase Realtime Database; Edge: Caching only (Firestore)	Document store	hosted only	APIS for iOS & Android JavaScript API RESTful HTTP API	Java JavaScript Objective-C	proprietory
Mongo Realm Sync	MongoDB (Realm was acquired in 2019)	Cloud DB and Cloud Sync	Sync (in Alpha); only via Mongo Cloud	IoT & Mobile	Cloud: MongoDB, Edge: Mongo Realm	MongoDB: NoSQL document store; RealmDB: Embedded NoSQL DB	hosted service	MongoDB: Linux, OS X, Solaris, Windows Mongo Realm DB: Android, iOS	20+ languages, e.g. Java, C, C#, C++	Mongo DB changed its license from open source (GNU) to MongoDB Inc.’s Server Side Public License (SSPL) in 2018.
ObjectBox Sync	ObjectBox	DB and Sync	Offline Sync, on-premise Sync, Cloud Sync p2p Sync is planned	IoT & Mobile	ObjectBox	Object-oriented embedded NoSQL DB	Self-hosted / on-premise; hosted service upon request only	iOS, Android, Linux, Windows, MacOS, any POSIX-system	C, C++ Java Kotlin Swift Go Flutter / Dart Python	DB: Open source bindings, Apache 2.0, proprietary core
Parse	Originally Parse, acquired by Facebook, closed down and open sourced, unmaintained	MBaaS (Cloud)	Cloud Sync, self-hosted or via a provider that offers Parse hosting	Mobile	Both, PostgreSQL* and MongoDB, can be used as a database for Parse	MongoDB: NoSQL document store; PostgreSQL:	Only Cloud, only self-hosted or via a provider that offers Parse hosting	Server:	REST API lets you interact with Parse Server from anything that can send an HTTP request	open source, BSD
Syncstudio	HandApps	Cloud-based sync between SQLite and MS SQL Server based in the MS Sync Framework	Sync	Mobile	Edge: SQLite or MSSQL (including LocalDB or Express); Server: Microsoft SQL	relational / SQL	SQL Server; Sync / replication works via cloud only	Android Java, Basic4Android, Windows Forms, UWP, Windows Mobile, Xamarin		proprietory, 4 licenses available: Community/Free, Subscription, Perpetual and Royalty Free
Zumero	Zumero LLC	Cloud-based replication of SQL data for Mobile	Sync	Mobile	Edge: SQLite; Server: Microsoft SQL	relational / SQL	SQL Server; Sync / replication works via cloud only	Mobile only (iOS, Android, Xamarin, PhoneGap)		proprietory, annual license scaling with the number of devices

Notes: Microsoft Sync Framework (renamed Sync Framework Toolkit at some point) is a legacy open source product which MS no longer supports

* PostgreSQL vs Postgres
** There are many Cloud Sync alternatives to Firebase, we added the more prominent options and any service that also serves Edge Computing

Data Sync is no standardized term and though it seems to be in use by many big companies and most dvelopers will have a notion of what it is, the devil is in the details. So, we might have missed an important solution or taken an angle someone else would not agree with. Please feel free to let us know what to improve.

👉 Want to save this info for later? Watch the Firebase alternatives matrix on GitHub to find it easily wherever you need it.

ObjectBox DB and Sync – designed to keep data up to date across time and space

ObjectBox is a high performance NoSQL fully ACID-compliant edge database built from scratch for efficient data on and across restricted and occasionally connected devices, taking care of keeping data in sync reliably. ObjectBox developer tools are easy to use, quick to implement, and optimized for high-performance and frugal resource-use on edge devices running mobile, desktop, server, and IoT applications. ObjectBox helps developers to focus on what they love and build great applications without needing to take care of the boilerplate code for resilient connectivity, synchronizing data, and tedious DB optimizations. This cuts down initial implementation efforts, ongoing maintenance efforts, undesired problems, and data loss – therefore reducing costs and time to market tremendously. We are dedicated to bring joy and delight to Mobile and IoT application developers.

Why Edge Computing is More Relevant in 2021 Than Ever

by Vivien | Jan 14, 2021 | Edge Computing, Insights, IoT

The world has been forced to digitize more quickly and to a greater extent in 2020 and 2021. COVID has created the need to remodel how work, socializing, production, entertainment, and supply chains function. Despite decades of digitization efforts, with the pandemic upon us, digitization challenges have become transparent. Many companies and countries realize now, they have fallen behind. And those that have not yet digitized were hit hardest by the pandemic. [1] With people leaning heavily on online digital solutions, internet infrastructure is at its capacity limit. [2] Accordingly, users are seeing broadband speeds drop by as much as half. [3] In Europe, governments even requested to reduce the quality of Netflix, Amazon Prime, Youtube and other streaming services to improve network speed. [4]

These challenges demonstrate the growing need for an alternative to cloud computing. Cloud computing is an inherently centralized computing paradigm. Edge Computing is a decentralized topology that is based on keeping data local, at the ‘edge’ of the network, as close to the source as possible. Edge Computing is ideal for applications that are data-intensive, have high latency-requirements, or need to work offline, independant from a cloud connection. Using data on the edge, directly on or near the source of the data, not only increases the efficiency and speed of data use, but it reduces unecessary network burden and data traffic waste.

Coronavirus accelerates the need to digitize

It was clear even before the outbreak that internet infrastructure was struggling to keep up with growing data volumes. However, the pandemic has made broadband limitations more apparent to everyday users.

Projections estimate that by 2025 there will be 20 million IoT devices [5] and 1.7MB of data created per second per person. It is slow, expensive, and wasteful to send all of this data to the cloud for storage and processing. This practice overburdens bandwidth and data center infrastructure. It makes projects expensive and unsustainable. Working with the data, locally, on the edge, where it was produced and is used, is more efficient than sending everything to the cloud and back. It brings reduced latency, reduced cloud usage and costs, independence from a network connection, more secure data and heightened data privacy – and even reduces CO2. Indeed, prior to the pandemic, edge computing was on the strategic roadmap for over 50% of mobility decision makers. [6]

As the world begins to recover from the coronavirus pandemic, digitization efforts will no doubt increase. We will see intelligent systems implemented across industries and value chains, accelerating innovation and alongside: data volumes and subsequent strain on network bandwidth. Edge computing is a key technology to ensure that this digitalization is both scalable and sustainable.

Edge Computing takes the ‘edge’ off bandwidth strain

What is Edge Computing?

With edge computing, data is stored and used on devices at the “edge” of the network – away from centralized cloud servers. Computing on the edge means that data is stored and used locally, on the device, e.g. a smart phone or IoT device. Edge computing delivers faster decision making, local and offline data processing, as well as reduced data transfer to the cloud (e.g. filtered, computed, extra- or interpolated data), which saves both bandwidth and cloud storage costs.

The Edge complements the Cloud

Although some might set cloud and edge in competition, the reality is that edge computing and cloud computing are both useful and relevant technologies. Both have different strengths and ideal use cases. Together they can provide the best of both worlds: decentralized local storage and processing, making efficient use of hardware on the edge and central storing and processing of some data, enabling additional centralized insights, data backups (redundancy), and remote access. To combine the best of both worlds, relevant and useful data must be synchronized between the edge and cloud in a smart and efficient way.

Edge computing is an ideal technology to reduce the strain on data centers, so those functions that need cloud connection have adequate bandwidth; while those use cases that benefit from reduced latency and offline functionality are optimized on the edge.

The Edge: interface between the Physical and the Digital World

Edge devices handle the interface between the physical world and the cloud, enabling a whole set of new use cases. “Data-driven experiences are rich, immersive and immediate. But they’re also delay-intolerant data hogs”. [8] And therefore need to happen locally, on the edge. We may see edge computing enabling new forms of remote engagement [9], particularly in a post-corona environment.

Edge devices can be anything from a thermostat or small sensor to a fridge or mobile phone or car – and they are part of our direct physical world and use data from their local environment to enable new use cases. Think self-stocking fridges, self-driving cars, drone-delivered pizzas. In the same way, Edge Computing is the key to the first real world search engine. I am waiting for it every day: “Hey Google, where are my keys?” Within a location like a house, the concepts and technologies to enable such a real-world search engine are all clear and available – it is just a matter of time and ongoing digitization. The basis will need to be a fast and sustainable edge infrastructure.

Sustainability on the Edge

Centralized data centers consume a lot of energy, produce a lot of carbon emissions and cause significant electronic waste. [10] While data centers are seeing a positive trend towards using green data centers, an even more sustainable approach is to cut unnecessary cloud traffic, central computation and storage as much as possible by shifting computation to the edge. Edge Computing strategies that harness the power of already deployed available hardware (like e.g. smartphones, machines, desktops, gateways) make the solution even more sustainable.

Intelligent Edge: AI and Edge advance hand in hand

The growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Edge will go hand in hand. As more and more data is generated at the edge of the network, there will be a greater demand for intelligent data processing and structured optimization to reduce raw data loads going to the cloud. [11] Edge AI will have the power to work with data on local devices, keeping data streams more useful and usable. In the near future, Machine Learning applications will have the ability to learn and create unique, localized, decentralized insights on the edge – based on local inputs.

“With Edge AI, personalization features that we want from the app can be achieved on device. Transferring data over networks and into cloud-based servers allows for latency. At each endpoint, there are security risks involved in the data transfer”. [12] Which is part of the reason why the Edge AI Software market is forecasted to reach 1.12 trillion dollars volume by 2023. The development of AI accelerators, which improve model inferencing on the edge, namely from NVIDIA, Intel and Google are helping to make AI on the edge more viable. [13] A fast edge database is a necessary base technology to enable more AI on the edge.

Edge Computing – an answer to Data Privacy concerns and a need for Resilience

As data collection grows in both breadth and depth, there is a stronger need for data privacy and security. Edge computing is one way to tackle this challenge: keeping data where it is produced, locally, makes data ownership clear and data less likely to be attacked and compromised. If compromised, the data compromised is clearly defined, making notification and subsequent actions manageable. ObjectBox, in its core and as an edge technology, is designed to keep data private, on those devices it was created on, and only share select data as needed.

The more our private and working lives as well as the larger economy depend on digitalization, the more important it is that systems, underlying computing paradigms as well as networks have strong resilience and security. In computer networking, resilience is the ability to “provide and maintain an acceptable level of service in the face of faults and challenges to normal operation.” [14]

ing initEdge Computing shifts computer workloads – the collection, processing, and storage of data – from central locations (like the cloud) to the edge of the networks to many individual devices such as cell phones. Accordingly, any strain is distributed to many devices. Therefore, the risk of a total breakdown is reduced: If one device does not work anymore, the rest is still working. Depending on the setup, the individual devices could even compensate for devices that have a problem.

The same applies to security risks: Even if data from one device is compromised, all other data sets are still safe; the loss is thus very limited and clear. Overall, as a complement to the cloud, edge computing provides improved strength and security in local networks around the world. These local infrastructures can relieve the pressure on the existing complex dependencies, and in turn make the wider system more resilient and flexible. With Edge Computing crisis response can therefore in all likelihood be faster, better informed, and more effective. [15]

Why Corona-Tracking-Apps need to work on the edge

There was initially quite some debate about taking a centralized versus decentralized approach to Corona-Tracking-Apps. [16] Many people were worried about their data. Edge Computing – storing most parts of the data locally, on the user’s device – is a great way to avoid unnecessary data sharing and keep data ownership clear. At the same time, data is by and large much more secure and less likely to be attacked and hacked, as the data to be gained is very reduced. An intelligent syncing mechanism like ObjectBox Sync ensures that the data which needs to be shared, is shared in a selective, transparent and secure way.

The next few years will see big cultural changes in both our personal and professional lives – a portion of those changes will be driven by increased digitalization. Edge computing is an important paradigm to ensure these changes are sustainable, scalable, and secure. Ultimately, we have the chance to rise from this crisis with new insights, new innovation, and a more sustainable future.

Discover Edge Use Cases

1. https://www.netzoekonom.de/2020/04/11/die-oekonomie-nach-corona-digitalisierung-und-automatisierung-in-hoechstgeschwindigkeit/
2. https://www.cnet.com/news/coronavirus-has-made-peak-internet-usage-into-the-new-normal/
3. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/business/coronavirus-internet-traffic-speed.html
4. https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/27/21195358/streaming-netflix-disney-hbo-now-youtube-twitch-amazon-prime-video-coronavirus-broadband-network
5. https://www.gartner.com/imagesrv/books/iot/iotEbook_digital.pdf
6. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forrester/2019/12/02/predictions-2020-edge-computing-makes-the-leap/#1aba50104201
7. https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/what-edge-computing-means-for-infrastructure-and-operations-leaders/
8. https://www.iotworldtoday.com/2020/03/19/ai-at-the-edge-still-mostly-consumer-not-enterprise-market/
9. https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insights/high-tech/edge-processing-remote-viewership
10. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12053-019-09833-8
11. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2020/04/16/edge-ai-is-the-future-intel-and-udacity-are-teaming-up-to-train-developers/#232c8fab68f2
12. https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2020/04/16/edge-ai-is-the-future-intel-and-udacity-are-teaming-up-to-train-developers/#232c8fab68f2
13. https://www.forbes.com/sites/janakirammsv/2019/07/15/how-ai-accelerators-are-changing-the-face-of-edge-computing/#2c1304ce674f
14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilience_(network)
15. https://www.coindesk.com/how-edge-computing-can-make-us-more-resilient-in-a-crisis
16. https://venturebeat.com/2020/04/13/what-privacy-preserving-coronavirus-tracing-apps-need-to-succeed/

Digital Healthcare – Market, projections, and trends

by Vivien | Dec 6, 2020 | Edge Computing, Insights, IoT

Note to Readers (2024 Update)
This white paper, originally published in 2020, explores key projections, market dynamics, and trends in digital healthcare. Since its publication, the field has evolved significantly, and the accompanying detailed report has been updated to reflect the state of digital healthcare in 2024. For the most current insights and analysis, please refer to the updated report (also linked at the end of this blog).

If you work in the healthcare industry, you are likely familiar with some uses of IoT devices. According to Gartner (2020), 79% of healthcare providers are already successfully employing IoT solutions.[1] However, this is just the beginning. While before COVID-19, the growth of digital health adoption had stalled [2], the market is picking up speed again. Indeed, Q3 2020 was a record year for investments in healthcare companies [3] and the market expects rising investments in healthtech for next years [4]. Today, underutilized data plays a major role in healthtech innovation [17] and the growing importance of healthcare data for future offerings is evident [5]. Take a look how analyts from Gartner to Accenture and Forrester expect the market to grow:

The digital healthcare market 2020 and beyond

digital-healthcare-market-trends-2020-edge-iot

Analysts expect Artificial Intelligence in healthcare to reach $6.6 billion by 2021 (with a 40% CAGR). [6]
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) market is expected to cross $136 billion by 2021. [11]
Analysts expect the healthcare wearable market to have a market volume of $27 billion by 2023 (with a 27.9% CAGR). [7]
The IoT industry is projected to be worth $6.2 trillion by 2025 and around 30% of that market (or about $167 billion) will come from healthcare. [8]
Analysts expect the global Medical Health Apps market to grow to $236 billion by 2026, reflecting a shift towards value based care. [9]
The projected global digital health market is estimated to reach $510.4 billion by 2026 (with a 29% CAGR). [10]

The Healthcare industry has been struggling with shrinking payments and cost optimizations for years. [18] Fueled by the need to adopt in light of the COVID pandemic, digital technologies bring extensive changes quickly to this struggling industry now. Data is moving to the center of this changing ecosystem and harbors both risks and opportunities in a new dimension. [21] The basic architecture and infrastructure to have the data reliably, securely and quickly available where they are needed will be decisive for the success or failure of digital healthcare solutions. [17] [21]

We recommend keeping an eye on the following five trends

The 5 biggest digital healthcare trends to watch

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Accenture estimates that AI applications can help save up to $150 billion annually for the US healthcare economy by 2026. [6] Therefore, it is no wonder that the healthcare sector is expected to be among the top five industries investing in AI in the next couple of years. [19] The top three greatest near-term value AI applications in healthcare are: 1. robot-assisted surgery ($40 billion), 2. virtual nursing assistants ($20 billion), and 3. administrative workflow assistance ($18 billion).

Big Data / Analytics

The goal of big data analytic solutions is to improve the quality of patient care and the overall healthcare ecosystem. The global healthcare Big Data Analytics market is predicted to reach $39 billion by 2025. [12] The main areas of growth are medical data generation in the form of Electronic Health Records (EHR), biometric data, sensors data.

internet-of-medical-things-digital-healthtech

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)

IoMT is expected to grow to $508.8 billion by 2027. [13] According to Gartner, 79% of healthcare providers are already using IoT in their processes. [27] During COVID, IoMT devices have been used to increase safety and efficiency in healthcare, i.e. providing and automating clinical assistance and treatment to the infected patient, to lessen the burden of specialists. Future applications, like augmented reality glasses that assist during surgery, are leading to a focus more on IoMT-centric investments. [14]

Telehealth / Telemedicine

Telecommunications technology enables doctors to diagnose and treat patients remotely. Consumer adoption of telehealth has skyrocketed in 2020 and McKinsey believes that up to $250 billion of current US healthcare spend could potentially be virtualized. [25] Also, many patients view telehealth offerings more favorable and – having made good experiences – are planning to continue using telehealth in the future. [26] Not astonishingly, telemedicine stocks also grow rapidly. [14]

Edge Computing

Edge computing is a technological megashift happening in computing. [23] Instead of pushing data to the cloud to be computed, processing is done locally, on ‘the edge’. [15] Edge Computing is one of the key technologies to make healthcare more connected, secure, and efficient. [22] Indeed, the digital healthcare ecosystem of the future depends on an infrastructure layer that makes health data accessible when needed where needed (data liquidity). [21] Accordingly, IDC expects the worldwide edge computing market to reach $250.6 billion in 2024 with a (12.5% CAGR) [24] with healthcare identified as one of the leading industries that will adopt edge computing. [16]

The healthcare market is in the middle of a fast digital transformation process. Drivers such as COVID, growing IoT adoption in healthcare, and underlying social mega-trends are pushing digital healthcare growth to new heights. Therefore, the digital healthcare industry faces many challenges, both technical and regulatory. At the same time the healthcare market is offered a wealth of opportunities.

Read the full report

References

[1] https://www.computerworld.com/article/3529427/how-iot-is-becoming-the-pulse-of-healthcare.html / https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3970072
[2] https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insights/health/leaders-make-recent-digital-health-gains-last
[3] https://sifted.eu/articles/europes-healthtech-industry-2020/
[4] https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/emea/health-tech-investments-will-continue-rise-2020-according-silicon-valley-bank
[5] https://news.crunchbase.com/news/for-health-tech-startups-data-is-their-lifeline-now-more-than-ever/
[6] https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-artificial-intelligence-healthcare%C2%A0
[7] https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/wearable-medical-devices-market
[8] https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/iot-healthcare.asp
[9] https://www.grandviewresearch.com/press-release/global-mhealth-app-market
[10] https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/05/23/2037920/0/en/Global-Digital-Health-Market-was-Valued-at-USD-111-4-billion-in-2019-and-is-Expected-to-Reach-USD-510-4-billion-by-2025-Observing-a-CAGR-of-29-0-during-2020-2025-VynZ-Research.html
[11] https://www2.stardust-testing.com/en/the-digital-transformation-trends-and-challenges-in-healthcare
[12] https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/healthcare-analytics-market-size-to-reach-usd-40-781-billion-by-2025–cagr-of-23-55—valuates-reports-301041851.html#:~:text=Healthcare%20Big%20Data%20Analytics%20Market,13.6%25%20during%202019%2D2025
[13] https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/11/25/2133473/0/en/Global-Digital-Health-Market-Report-2020-Market-is-Expected-to-Witness-a-37-1-Spike-in-Growth-in-2021-and-will-Continue-to-Grow-and-Reach-US-508-8-Billion-by-2027.html
[14] https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/iomt-meets-new-healthcare-needs%3A-3-medtech-trends-to-watch-2020-11-27
[15] https://go.forrester.com/blogs/predictions-2021-technology-diversity-drives-iot-growth/
[16] https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/state-of-the-edge-forecasts-edge-computing-infrastructure-marketworth-700-billion-by-2028-300969120.html
[17] https://news.crunchbase.com/news/for-health-tech-startups-data-is-their-lifeline-now-more-than-ever/
[18] https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-05-21-gartner-says-50-percent-of-us-healthcare-providers-will-invest-in-rpa-in-the-next-three-years
[19] https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46794720
[20] https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/the-great-acceleration-in-healthcare-six-trends-to-heed
[21] https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/the-next-wave-of-healthcare-innovation-the-evolution-of-ecosystems
[22] https://www.cbinsights.com/research/internet-of-medical-things-5g-edge-computing-changing-healthcare/
[23] https://siliconangle.com/2020/12/08/future-state-edge-computing/
[24] https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS46878020
[25] https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/telehealth-a-quarter-trillion-dollar-post-covid-19-reality
[26] https://go.forrester.com/blogs/will-virtual-care-stand-the-test-of-time-if-youre-asking-the-question-its-time-to-catch-up/
[27] https://www.computerworld.com/article/3529427/how-iot-is-becoming-the-pulse-of-healthcare.html

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